Piston



Patent ey 29, ll. I

W- es i" a. osnonn, or

Application filed JuneW, N20. @erlal 11lo- 892,824.

To an whom it may concem:

Be it known that. I, ALDEN E. OsBoRN, a

citizen of the United States, and a resident. of the cit of New York,county and State of New ork, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Pistons, of which the followin is a specification.

This invention re ates particularly to pistons and piston rings such asare employed in internal combustion engines.

In pistons where a number of rings are employed it is important. thatthe rings be so located that the joints therein shall not stand inalinement, this to prevent leakage of gas. It is also important in someengines that the rings be held against rotation to prevent the endthereof from catching in openings or ports in the cylinder walls.

Various means have been proposed'for securin .the rings against rotationsuch as by that it involves driving pins into the pis-.

provi mg pins on the piston engaging 1n seats in the .rings. This, Whileperhaps a preferred method up to the present time, is open to certainobjections particularly in ton which are liable to become loose, duetothe action. of heat, expansion and other causes, and also in that whenthe piston is removed from the cylinder, the rings may expand far enoughto release themselves from the pins and catch in such a way as to breakofl the pins or therings when the piston is put back in the cylinder.

My invention aims to overcome these and other difliculties which havebeen ex erienced in the past and. to provide simple and 'at the sametime effective means for securing the piston rings against rotativemovement about the piston.

In my invention the rings are provided with positioning pins ri idly andpermanently secured thereto an working in .seats or sockets provided inthe wall of the piston.

The invention involves certain novel features ofconstruction,.combinations and relation' of arts as will be disclosed inthe course 0% the following specification.

In the drawing accompanying and formt ing a part of this specification,I have illustrated the invention embodied in a practical and commercialform, but wish it un-' free expansion.

without departure from the true s hit and v scope of the invention asherein de nod and claimed. r

In the drawin referred 'tof Figure 1 is a p an andpart sectional view ofa plston constructed in accordance with {and embodying the features ofthe invenion. Figure 2 is a side elevation-of the same. F1 re 3 is asectional view illustrating the invention as applied to a multipart formof rin Figure 4 is an enlarged detail view illustrating a method ofsecuring-the pin to the ring.

Figure 5 is a broken sectional view of a modified form of pin as seatedin the piston.

The piston which is designated5 is of the usual construction in that itis outwith a series of grooves 6 for the rings but differs from theordinary piston in that it is provided at the back or bottom of thesegrooves with seats or sockets 7." To provide sufiicient metal for thesesockets the piston may be formed with bosses or lugs 8 on the inner wallthereof as indicated in Figs. 1 and 3.

In Figs. 1 and 2, I have shown the rings 10 as seated in the groovesprovided therefor, and as disposed with the joints ofi'set in theapproved fashion to prevent leakage and loss of pressure. The rings areheld in this relation by pins 11 projecting from the inner face of therings into the sockets 7 above referred to.

Thesepins may be secured to the rings in various ways. For instance,they may riveted thereto as indicated at 12 (Fig. 3) or they each may besecured thereto by means of a stud in the form of a screw 13 whose headis seated in a. depression 14: in

the outer face of the ring and whose inner indicated at 15.

These positioning pins are preferably secured to the rings near the endsthereof, as

in Fig. 2, so as not to. weaken the body of the mug or interfere in anywa with its The location.- 0 the positioningpins near the ends of therings is also an aid in assembling the rings on the pis 11 sincenaturally the end of the ring can be more easily sprung open for thepurpose of engaging the pins in the sockets providedtherefor.

With my invention it is simply necessary after the ring grooves areturned inthe p1ston to drill the sockets for the positioning pins.

These pins may be. secured to the rings before they-are sprung in theirseats but they need not be secured until after the rings are seated. Forinstance, in the structure shown in Fig. 4, the outward end of the pinbody 11 is square or made angular in shape as indicated at 16 to seat ina corresponding socket in the inner face of a- .1 as by peening themetal of the ring over the heads at the outer ends of the studs, or bysoft solder or other suitable means.

The positioning pins have a loose fit in their sockets as illustrated,so as not to interfere with the free expansion of the rings and theyserve simply to hold the rings in their pre-arranged relation on thepiston. The pins also are made long enough so as to still hold in theirsockets even after the piston is removed from the cylinder.

The invention, it will be seen, provides a simple and at the same time avery practical method of securing the rings, and. one which is quiteinexpensive.

In Fig. 3 I have shown how the invention may be applied to a two-partring. Here the positioning pin 11 is secured to the outer ring part 10and projects into the socket in the plston inwardly'between the spacedends of the inner part 10 so as to hold both pieces against rotation.

The positioning pins may be made angular in cross section and the seatsprovided therefor in the piston be correspondingly shaped substantiallyas I have indicated in Figures 4 and 5, where the pin 11 is madesubstantially square in cross section and the socket 7 is of the sameshape. This construction makes it very easy to secure the pin to thering in the order above set forth, that is, by first'locating the pin in1ts socket and then slipping the piston ring into pos1- tion thereoverand inserting the securing screw from the outside of the ring into thepositioning pin, the square socket holding the square pin againstrotation dur ng this securing operation. This constructlon and method ofassembling eliminates any undue stretching of the ring and at the sametime permits use of a pin having a relatlvely long bearing in thepiston.

ring seated in said the ring.

2. A piston ring and a positioning pmcarried thereby and comprising aninternally threaded bushing and a screw extended through from the outerface of the ring into said screw-threaded bushing.

3. A piston ring and a positioning pin carried thereby and comprising aninternally threaded bushing and a screw extended through from the outerface of the ring into said screw-threaded bushing, said bushing being ofangular cross section.

.4. A piston ring and a positioning pin carried thereby and comprisingan internally threaded bushing and a screw extended through from theouter face of the ring into said screw-threaded bushing, said bushinghaving an angular outer end and the inner face of the piston ring havinga correspondingly angular seat to receive the same.

5. A piston ring, a positioning pin car ried thereby, said pin being oftubular construction and a securing stud extendingthrough said tubularpin and piston ring.

6. The combination with a piston provided with a groove and with asocket in the back wall of said groove, ofa packing ring in said groove,and an inwardly projecting positioning pin loosely fitting in saidsocket and secured to said ring by means passing through said ring anddrawing said pin against the inner surface of the ring.

7. The combination with a piston provided with a groove and with asocket in the back wall of said roove, of a packing ring in said oove,an an inwardly projecting positiomng pin loosely fitting in said socketand means for securing said pin to said ring after said ring is placedwithin the said piston groove.

8. The combination with a piston provided with a groove and with asocket in the back wall of said groove, a positioning pin looselyfitting in said socket but being restrained from rotation therein, apacking ring in said groove and around said pin and means actuated fromthe outside of said ring for securing said positioning pin to its innersurface. 7

9. A piston ring, a positioning pin carried thereby and a stud extendingthrough the piston ring and into the pin,

11. A piston ring, a positioning pin carried thereby and means operablefrom the outside of the ring for securln the pin to said ring. 10 Inwitness whereof, hereunto set my hand this 23rdday of June, 1920.

ALDEN E. OSBORN.

